Simulation-to-Real

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Simulation-to-real is used when learning directly in the real world is too slow, too costly, or too risky. A system can improve quickly in a simulator, but that behavior may not carry over to real hardware because the simulation is never a perfect match. Even small differences in physics or visuals can cause failures after deployment. This mismatch is often called the reality gap.

Closing that gap usually means training the system to be less sensitive to the simulator’s exact details. One common approach is to vary simulation settings during training so the learned behavior becomes more robust. Teams may also tune the simulator using real measurements, or do a small amount of training on real data to correct what the simulator missed. What matters in the end is how the system behaves after transfer.

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